Process of inoculating the vaccine/antigen.

 Process of inducing immune response.

Change from antibody negative state to antibody positive state.

Measures extent of antibody formation after vaccination (reciprocal of highest serum dilution at which antibody  has been detected.)

The mean antibody titer in a group of seroconverted individuals)

Strictly not indicated or not to be given.

Before receiving any immunizations, be sure to tell the nurse of doctor if you or your child is allergic to eggs or has a serious illness. Certain vaccines cannot be given during pregnancy or to people who have immune disorders, such as lymphoma, leukemia, and AIDS.

Chronic illnesses. 

People with blood clotting diseases (hemophilia) and dialysis patients should be vaccinated against Hepatitis. Vaccines for influenza and pneumonia are recommended for people with any chronic health problem.

Life-style risks. 

Unprotected sex and injection drug use put individuals at high risk for Hepatitis B infection.

Adult travelers outside the country may need to update their immunizations, particularly Hepatitis, Yellow fever etc.

Immigrants, refugees, and foreign students. 

Many countries do not routinely immunize. As a result, persons entering the country. should be immunized.

Residents of institutions. 

Outbreaks of Hepatitis, TB, Chicken pox, Measles, Typhoid and other infectious diseases can occur in correctional facilities and institutions for the mentally retarded.

The quality of being insusceptible to or unaffected by a certain disease or state. Kinds of immunity are Active immunity and Passive immunity.

A  form of immunity from antibodies that are carried through the placenta to a fetus or through a breast substance (colostrums) from a mother to an infant.

Passive immunity is also caused by injecting ready made antibodies  (antiserum) for treatment or prevention.

Passive immunity is not permanent and does not last as long as active immunity.

A  form of long-term, gained immunity. It protects the body from new infection. 

A complex that protects the body from disease organisms and other foreign bodies.

The system includes the humoral immune response and the cell-mediated response.

The immune system also protects the body from invasion by making local barriers and inflammation.

The humoral response and the cell-mediated response develop if these first defenses fail to protect the body.

The humoral immune response is especially effective against bacterial and viral invasions.

The main organs of the immune response system are the bone marrow, the thymus, and the lymphoid tissues. The system uses other organs, too, as the lymph nodes, the spleen, and the lymphatic vessels.

The response may start as soon as the antigen invades or start as long as 48 hours later

A process by which resistance to an infectious disease is induced or augmented.

Protects against Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis. Children need a total of five doses (DTP-1, DTP-2, etc.) before reaching school age.

Is given after age 14 years.

Is oral polio vaccine, and children need a total of seven doses (OPV-1, OPV-2, etc.) before reaching school age.

Immunizes against measles, mumps, and rubella. Two doses (MMR-1 and MMR-2) are necessary. 

Vaccine protects against a type of meningitis that particularly affects children. This vaccine is given in 4 or 3 doses (option 1 or 2, depending on the type of vaccine that is used).

Vaccine is recommended for infants and any person of any age who is at risk for exposure to hepatitis b. This vaccine is given in a series of 3 or 4 doses (option 1 or 2, depending on the type of vaccine that is used).

Vaccine is administered  to protect against tuberculosis (TB).